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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Trade Guilds of South India ： ウィキペディア英語版 Trade Guilds of South India Merchants of Southern India formed Trade Guilds in order to organise and expand their trading activities. Trade guilds became channels through which Indian culture got exported to other lands. From the 11th century to the 13th century, South-Indian trade in Southeast-Asia was dominated by the Cholas; and it replaced the Pallava influence of the previous centuries.〔Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany and Vijay Sakhuja, p.10〕 ==Early guilds== Before the rise of the Cholas, inscriptions from Java, Indonesia mention only the Kalingas as foreign visitors from the eastern coast of India. In 1021 AD an inscription added Dravidas to the list of maritime powers, and they were then replaced by the Colikas (Cholas), in the year 1053 AD.〔Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany and Vijay Sakhuja, p.10〕 The Kalinga traders (of modern Orissa) brought red colored stone decorative objects for trade. And Kalinga was an important source of Cotton textiles to Southeast Asia at an early date.〔Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: reflections on Chola naval expeditions to Southeast Asia by Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany and Vijay Sakhuja, p.100 and p. 180〕 In the Tamil Sangam classic, ''Chirupanattuppadai'' (line 96), there is a mention of blue ''Kalingam''. Fine garments of high quality cotton imported from Kalinga country into the Tamil country were called ''Kalingam'', which shows that Kalinga was an exporter of cotton at an early date.〔Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh: Volume 100, p.1199〕〔Women studies, by N. Jayapalan, p.21〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trade Guilds of South India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.